Babylon by Robert Beecham
Part 1 - The Origin of Babylon
Early in the book of Genesis and late in the book of Revelation we read about the city of Babylon. Genesis uses the Hebrew name Babel, while Revelation uses the Greek name Babylon. The subject of Babel or Babylon is one that we can follow right through the scriptures. Its origin is in Genesis chapter 11. Two chapters in Isaiah (13 & 14) and two long chapters in Jeremiah (50 & 51) are largely devoted to Babylon's judgement. The book of Daniel was written in Babylon and is mostly not in Hebrew, but in Aramaic, the language of Babylon. The books of Ezra, Nehemiah, Haggai and Zechariah are mainly about the return from Babylon and the restoration of Jerusalem. Towards the end of the book of Revelation we find two full chapters (17 & 18) describing the judgement and destruction of Babylon. Finally in Rev 18: 4,5 the command goes out: 'Come out of her, my people, that you may not participate of her sins and that you may not receive of her plagues; for her sins have piled up as high as heaven, and God has remembered her iniquities.' If we do not know what Babel or Babylon is, we will not even understand this command - far less will we obey it.
There is much more teaching on this subject than on "going to church", the Lord's supper, baptism and many other more familiar topics. We cannot afford to ignore the things on which God places emphasis in the scriptures.
The story of the tower of Babel is one of many Bible stories from which most of us have probably learnt little or nothing since we first heard it in childhood. We were taught that God was offended by the attempts of some rather simple people who thought they could build a tower high enough to reach Heaven. Let us turn to Genesis chapter 11 and examine the story more carefully.
Divine Initiative
The first thing visible to the discerning eye in this story is the total absence of divine initiative. It was all man's idea. The contrast is sharp when we look at the following chapter of Genesis, which begins with the words, 'Now the Lord said to Abram, Go..' Abraham left Ur of the Chaldees not on his own initiative, but at the command of God. Maybe he went unwillingly, but God blessed him and now he ranks among the greatest characters of history. When Moses set about delivering the Israelites on his own initiative he was soon in trouble and had to flee to Midian. When 40 years later he returned unwillingly, but at the command of God he accomplished a mighty deliverance. And many are the stories of those who acted at the command of God and received his blessing. God will only bless his own plans. Jesus said 'Every plant which my heavenly Father did not plant shall be rooted up' (Matthew 15:13). We may compare the verse, 'That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit' (John 3:6). God can only bless that which has its origin in himself. The key to the life of Jesus is that every word he spoke, and every action he performed came from the mind of his Father.
The opening words of John's Gospel teach us the same lesson, 'In the beginning was the word .... All things came into being through it (or Him)'. The first chapter of Genesis shows how God's creative power is in his word. When he speaks worlds are created. When he is silent nothing happens. When God spoke to Abraham and Abraham responded, it was the beginning of God's great redemptive plan for all mankind. The human effort of the tower of Babel soon came to nothing.
Building Materials
The next thing we notice in this story is the choice of building materials. 'Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly'. These bricks have a meaning. Firstly they are made of earth, which represents human nature. Earthen vessels containing divine glory have a positive symbolic meaning in scripture; but earth or human nature as a building material is utterly unacceptable. The altars and temples of the Old Testament were made of stone - a natural product not man-made.
Secondly bricks are mass produced. They are all the same size and the same shape. That is always the result of man's religion. Its products all look the same. The world wants conformity. It feels secure with people who keep to the party line. We may search the scriptures without finding two men of God who were the same. Noah built an ark. Abraham lived in tents. Joseph became prime minister. Moses delivered his people. David was a king who danced before the Lord. In the new testament we may look at Peter, Paul and John again find a complete diversity of character and ministry. They were not mass-produced. Each was formed and moulded by the Holy Spirit and brought into the spiritual likeness of his Saviour. To the world they were uncomfortable non-conformists and they did not fit in it. To God they were conformed to the image of his firstborn Son. God is building a temple of living stones, all of different shapes and sizes, but all to be fitted perfectly together by the master builder. No one will envy anyone else's position as each will only fit in his own place.
Thirdly, these bricks were thoroughly burned. The purpose was to harden them. Few things are sadder to see than indoctrinated members of sects. They are literally like brick walls. They have been thoroughly baked and hardened to make them resist all outside influences. The true child of God is strong, but not hard. His strength is the inward strength of the Holy Spirit. He does not need a hard impenetrable shell to protect his inner uncertainty. His confidence is in God.
Bricks, if simply piled one upon another, will of course fall down. They must be held together. So they used tar for cement. In the temple which Solomon built there was no cement. The stones fitted perfectly together. The religion of Babylon tries to find every possible way of creating and preserving a unity which it does not have. Such churches need strong leaders to hold them together. They have long conferences to sort out doctrinal differences; and they use all kinds of pressures on those who leave their group. How different it is for the true children of God. They have unity. They are held together by the love of God in their hearts. They are united by one spirit. Neither race, nor class, nor age nor sex divides them. Across these and every other human barrier they find that they are one. They are taught by the Spirit to love one another.
A City
In verse 4 we read about the builders' plans and motives: 'Come, let us build for ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in heaven, and let us make for ourselves a name; lest we be scattered abroad over the face of the whole earth.
They intended to build a city. Cain was the original city-builder of the scriptures (Gen 4:17). He was also the founder of false religion. He offered the fruit of his own work, an offering which God could not accept. The next city-builder of the scriptures was Ham's grandson Nimrod, whose name means Rebel. In fact from Gen 10:10 he appears to have been the leader in building Babel. He did not learn his lesson, but continued his rebellion in building further cities. God had commanded Adam and then Noah to fill the earth. To congregate in one place was therefore contrary to his plan. Why did they do it? The Hebrew word ir meaning city is from a root meaning to be awake or watch. It implies a fortified defended city. From the day Cain killed Abel he was in fear for his own life (Gen 4: 14). He wanted security and protection and he could not trust God for it. Nimrod, like Cain, was also a man of violence (Gen 10: 8,9). He wanted to build something to protect himself from the fruit of his ill-doing. But for us, God is our refuge and strength.
Abraham presents a wonderful contrast with Cain and Nimrod. He was living a secure life in Ur, one of the most advanced cities of the ancient world. God told him to leave his country and his relatives and his father's house, and he went. Five of his ancestors including Shem, the son of Noah, were still alive, and probably living there. They may have been good and faithful men, but he left them at the command of God. We read the explanation in Heb 11: 10, 13-16. He had seen a vision of a heavenly city and he could not be content with an earthly counterfeit of it. God was a greater security to him than the visible security of Ur. He could not sacrifice his fellowship with God for fellowship with his relations. The eyes of his faith saw the heavenly Jerusalem and he despised earthly cities. Later on when Lot went to live in the city of Sodom, Abraham continued in his tent. He had seen something better. Thus he became the father of the faithful. The holy city, the new Jerusalem, for which he looked, will not be built up brick by brick from earth. It will come down out of heaven from God, made ready as a bride adorned for her husband (Rev 21: 2).
Greatness
Let us now consider the tower that they attempted to build. migdol, the Hebrew word for tower, is from the root gdl meaning to be great. We could call it a "greatness". They were building something big! The AV translation whose top may reach unto heaven is almost certainly wrong. Did people capable of such technical achievement really think they could build high enough to reach the clouds? You have only to look up at the sky to see the impossibility of it. The Hebrew literally means a tower and its head in heaven. The idea is probably again that of largeness. There may well also have been astrological purposes associated with it.
There are two "greatnesses" in scripture. Firstly there is the greatness of God which he also imparts to those whom he chooses and who walk humbly before him. In Genesis 12: 2 God said to Abraham 'I will make you a great nation ... and make your name great'. Abraham did not strive for this greatness. It only came visibly long after his death. Joseph was exalted to greatness in the land of Egypt, but not through his own efforts. It was God who raised him up. Israel became great when God gave her victory under king David. And God highly exalted Jesus because he had humbled himself and become obedient to death. God gave him a name that is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow (Phil 2: 8-10).
The second greatness exalts itself against God. Goliath stood up and defied the armies of the living God. King Saul stood head and shoulders above the people; he became lifted up with pride and God rejected him. Nebuchadnezzar erected a great image sixty cubits high in the province of Babylon and later he boasted, 'is this not Babylon the great which I have built as a royal residence by the might of my power and for the glory of my majesty?' (Dan 4:30). While the words were still in his mouth his sovereignty was removed and he was driven out to eat grass like an animal for seven years. In the end he knew that God reigned and gave the kingdom to whomsoever he wished. And in Revelation we read yet again of 'Babylon the Great, the mother of prostitutes and of the abominations of the earth' (Rev 17:5).
Part 1 - The Origin of Babylon
Early in the book of Genesis and late in the book of Revelation we read about the city of Babylon. Genesis uses the Hebrew name Babel, while Revelation uses the Greek name Babylon. The subject of Babel or Babylon is one that we can follow right through the scriptures. Its origin is in Genesis chapter 11. Two chapters in Isaiah (13 & 14) and two long chapters in Jeremiah (50 & 51) are largely devoted to Babylon's judgement. The book of Daniel was written in Babylon and is mostly not in Hebrew, but in Aramaic, the language of Babylon. The books of Ezra, Nehemiah, Haggai and Zechariah are mainly about the return from Babylon and the restoration of Jerusalem. Towards the end of the book of Revelation we find two full chapters (17 & 18) describing the judgement and destruction of Babylon. Finally in Rev 18: 4,5 the command goes out: 'Come out of her, my people, that you may not participate of her sins and that you may not receive of her plagues; for her sins have piled up as high as heaven, and God has remembered her iniquities.' If we do not know what Babel or Babylon is, we will not even understand this command - far less will we obey it.
There is much more teaching on this subject than on "going to church", the Lord's supper, baptism and many other more familiar topics. We cannot afford to ignore the things on which God places emphasis in the scriptures.
The story of the tower of Babel is one of many Bible stories from which most of us have probably learnt little or nothing since we first heard it in childhood. We were taught that God was offended by the attempts of some rather simple people who thought they could build a tower high enough to reach Heaven. Let us turn to Genesis chapter 11 and examine the story more carefully.
Divine Initiative
The first thing visible to the discerning eye in this story is the total absence of divine initiative. It was all man's idea. The contrast is sharp when we look at the following chapter of Genesis, which begins with the words, 'Now the Lord said to Abram, Go..' Abraham left Ur of the Chaldees not on his own initiative, but at the command of God. Maybe he went unwillingly, but God blessed him and now he ranks among the greatest characters of history. When Moses set about delivering the Israelites on his own initiative he was soon in trouble and had to flee to Midian. When 40 years later he returned unwillingly, but at the command of God he accomplished a mighty deliverance. And many are the stories of those who acted at the command of God and received his blessing. God will only bless his own plans. Jesus said 'Every plant which my heavenly Father did not plant shall be rooted up' (Matthew 15:13). We may compare the verse, 'That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit' (John 3:6). God can only bless that which has its origin in himself. The key to the life of Jesus is that every word he spoke, and every action he performed came from the mind of his Father.
The opening words of John's Gospel teach us the same lesson, 'In the beginning was the word .... All things came into being through it (or Him)'. The first chapter of Genesis shows how God's creative power is in his word. When he speaks worlds are created. When he is silent nothing happens. When God spoke to Abraham and Abraham responded, it was the beginning of God's great redemptive plan for all mankind. The human effort of the tower of Babel soon came to nothing.
Building Materials
The next thing we notice in this story is the choice of building materials. 'Let us make bricks and burn them thoroughly'. These bricks have a meaning. Firstly they are made of earth, which represents human nature. Earthen vessels containing divine glory have a positive symbolic meaning in scripture; but earth or human nature as a building material is utterly unacceptable. The altars and temples of the Old Testament were made of stone - a natural product not man-made.
Secondly bricks are mass produced. They are all the same size and the same shape. That is always the result of man's religion. Its products all look the same. The world wants conformity. It feels secure with people who keep to the party line. We may search the scriptures without finding two men of God who were the same. Noah built an ark. Abraham lived in tents. Joseph became prime minister. Moses delivered his people. David was a king who danced before the Lord. In the new testament we may look at Peter, Paul and John again find a complete diversity of character and ministry. They were not mass-produced. Each was formed and moulded by the Holy Spirit and brought into the spiritual likeness of his Saviour. To the world they were uncomfortable non-conformists and they did not fit in it. To God they were conformed to the image of his firstborn Son. God is building a temple of living stones, all of different shapes and sizes, but all to be fitted perfectly together by the master builder. No one will envy anyone else's position as each will only fit in his own place.
Thirdly, these bricks were thoroughly burned. The purpose was to harden them. Few things are sadder to see than indoctrinated members of sects. They are literally like brick walls. They have been thoroughly baked and hardened to make them resist all outside influences. The true child of God is strong, but not hard. His strength is the inward strength of the Holy Spirit. He does not need a hard impenetrable shell to protect his inner uncertainty. His confidence is in God.
Bricks, if simply piled one upon another, will of course fall down. They must be held together. So they used tar for cement. In the temple which Solomon built there was no cement. The stones fitted perfectly together. The religion of Babylon tries to find every possible way of creating and preserving a unity which it does not have. Such churches need strong leaders to hold them together. They have long conferences to sort out doctrinal differences; and they use all kinds of pressures on those who leave their group. How different it is for the true children of God. They have unity. They are held together by the love of God in their hearts. They are united by one spirit. Neither race, nor class, nor age nor sex divides them. Across these and every other human barrier they find that they are one. They are taught by the Spirit to love one another.
A City
In verse 4 we read about the builders' plans and motives: 'Come, let us build for ourselves a city, and a tower with its top in heaven, and let us make for ourselves a name; lest we be scattered abroad over the face of the whole earth.
They intended to build a city. Cain was the original city-builder of the scriptures (Gen 4:17). He was also the founder of false religion. He offered the fruit of his own work, an offering which God could not accept. The next city-builder of the scriptures was Ham's grandson Nimrod, whose name means Rebel. In fact from Gen 10:10 he appears to have been the leader in building Babel. He did not learn his lesson, but continued his rebellion in building further cities. God had commanded Adam and then Noah to fill the earth. To congregate in one place was therefore contrary to his plan. Why did they do it? The Hebrew word ir meaning city is from a root meaning to be awake or watch. It implies a fortified defended city. From the day Cain killed Abel he was in fear for his own life (Gen 4: 14). He wanted security and protection and he could not trust God for it. Nimrod, like Cain, was also a man of violence (Gen 10: 8,9). He wanted to build something to protect himself from the fruit of his ill-doing. But for us, God is our refuge and strength.
Abraham presents a wonderful contrast with Cain and Nimrod. He was living a secure life in Ur, one of the most advanced cities of the ancient world. God told him to leave his country and his relatives and his father's house, and he went. Five of his ancestors including Shem, the son of Noah, were still alive, and probably living there. They may have been good and faithful men, but he left them at the command of God. We read the explanation in Heb 11: 10, 13-16. He had seen a vision of a heavenly city and he could not be content with an earthly counterfeit of it. God was a greater security to him than the visible security of Ur. He could not sacrifice his fellowship with God for fellowship with his relations. The eyes of his faith saw the heavenly Jerusalem and he despised earthly cities. Later on when Lot went to live in the city of Sodom, Abraham continued in his tent. He had seen something better. Thus he became the father of the faithful. The holy city, the new Jerusalem, for which he looked, will not be built up brick by brick from earth. It will come down out of heaven from God, made ready as a bride adorned for her husband (Rev 21: 2).
Greatness
Let us now consider the tower that they attempted to build. migdol, the Hebrew word for tower, is from the root gdl meaning to be great. We could call it a "greatness". They were building something big! The AV translation whose top may reach unto heaven is almost certainly wrong. Did people capable of such technical achievement really think they could build high enough to reach the clouds? You have only to look up at the sky to see the impossibility of it. The Hebrew literally means a tower and its head in heaven. The idea is probably again that of largeness. There may well also have been astrological purposes associated with it.
There are two "greatnesses" in scripture. Firstly there is the greatness of God which he also imparts to those whom he chooses and who walk humbly before him. In Genesis 12: 2 God said to Abraham 'I will make you a great nation ... and make your name great'. Abraham did not strive for this greatness. It only came visibly long after his death. Joseph was exalted to greatness in the land of Egypt, but not through his own efforts. It was God who raised him up. Israel became great when God gave her victory under king David. And God highly exalted Jesus because he had humbled himself and become obedient to death. God gave him a name that is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow (Phil 2: 8-10).
The second greatness exalts itself against God. Goliath stood up and defied the armies of the living God. King Saul stood head and shoulders above the people; he became lifted up with pride and God rejected him. Nebuchadnezzar erected a great image sixty cubits high in the province of Babylon and later he boasted, 'is this not Babylon the great which I have built as a royal residence by the might of my power and for the glory of my majesty?' (Dan 4:30). While the words were still in his mouth his sovereignty was removed and he was driven out to eat grass like an animal for seven years. In the end he knew that God reigned and gave the kingdom to whomsoever he wished. And in Revelation we read yet again of 'Babylon the Great, the mother of prostitutes and of the abominations of the earth' (Rev 17:5).
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