Johann
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Every branch in me that beareth not fruit he TAKETH AWAY: and every branch that beareth fruit, he purgeth it, that it may bring forth more fruit.
Branch (klēma). Old word from klaō, to break, common in lxx for offshoots of the vine, in N.T. only here (Joh_15:2-6), elsewhere in N.T. klados (Mar_4:32, etc.), also from klaō, both words meaning tender and easily broken parts.
In me (en emoi). Two kinds of connexion with Christ as the vine (the merely cosmic which bears no fruit, the spiritual and vital which bears fruit).
The fruitless (not bearing fruit, mē pheron karpon) the vine-dresser “takes away” (airei) or prunes away. Probably (Bernard) Jesus here refers to Judas.
Cleanseth (kathairei). Present active indicative of old verb kathairō (clean) as in Joh_15:3, only use in N.T., common in the inscriptions for ceremonial cleansing, though katharizō is more frequent (Heb_10:2).
That it may bear more fruit (hina karpon pleiona pherēi). Purpose clause with hina and present active subjunctive of pherō, “that it may keep on bearing more fruit” (more and more). A good test for modern Christians and church members.
αιρει
G142
V-PAI-3S
αἴρω
to lift up
αἴρω
aírō; fut. arṓ, aor. ḗra, perf. ḗrka (Col_2:14), perf. pass. ḗrmai (Joh_20:1). To take up. Trans:
(I) To take up, to lift up, to raise.
(A) Particularly, as stones from the ground (Joh_8:59); serpents (Mar_16:18); anchors (Act_27:13); the hand (Rev_10:5); see also Sept.: Deu_32:40; Isa_49:22. Pass. árthēti (Mat_21:21).
(B) Figuratively, to raise, elevate; the eyes (Joh_11:41; see also Sept.: Psa_121:1; Psa_123:1); the voice, meaning, to cry out, to sing (Luk_17:13; Act_4:24; see also Sept.: Jdg_21:2; 1Sa_11:4). To hold the mind (psuchḗ [G5590]) or soul of someone suspended, i.e., in suspense or doubt (Joh_10:24).
(II) To take up and place on oneself, to take up and bear, meaning to bear, carry (Mat_4:6, "they shall bear you" [a.t.] in the hands. See also Sept.: Psa_91:12); my yoke (Mat_11:29; see also Sept.: Lam_3:27); the cross (Mat_16:24; Mat_27:32; Mar_15:21); to take or carry with one (Mar_6:8; Luk_9:3; see also Sept.: Gen_44:1; 2Ki_7:8).
(III) To take up and carry away, meaning to take away, to remove by carrying, spoken of a bed (Mat_9:6; Joh_5:8); a dead body, a person, and so forth (Mat_14:12; Mat_22:13; Act_20:9); bread with the idea of laying up, making use of (Mat_14:20; Mat_15:37; Mar_8:8, Mar_8:19-20). Generally (Mat_17:27; Act_21:11). Pass. árthēti, "be thou removed" (Mat_21:21). In a metaphorical sense, to take away sin, meaning the imputation or punishment of sin (Joh_1:29; 1Jn_3:5; 1Sa_15:25); to bear the punishment of sin (Lev_5:17; Num_5:31; Num_14:33); to take away by taking upon oneself (Mat_8:17; 1Pe_2:24).
(IV) To take away, remove, with the idea of lifting away from, usually with the idea of violence and authority.
(A) Particularly (Luk_6:29-30; Luk_11:22). The new piece tears away still more of the old garment (Mat_9:16; Mar_2:21). Of branches, meaning to cut off, prune (Joh_15:2); Spoken of persons, meaning to take away or remove from a church, excommunicate (1Co_5:2, in some MSS exarthḗ [G1808]). To take away or remove out of the world by death, and so forth (Mat_24:39). In His humiliation and oppression was His sentence; He was torn away, meaning hurried away to death (Act_8:33; Isa_53:8; Isa_57:1-2). In the imper. aíre or áron, away with, meaning put out of the way, kill (Luk_23:18; Joh_19:15; Act_21:36; Act_22:22).
(B) Figuratively (Joh_11:48, "and take away [destroy] our city and nation" [a.t.]; 1Co_6:15, taking away wrongfully the members which belong to Christ). With the meaning of to deprive of the kingdom of heaven (Mat_21:43); the word of God (Mar_4:15; Luk_8:12, Luk_8:18); gifts (Mar_4:25); joy (Joh_16:22; see also Sept.: Isa_16:10). Spoken of vices, to put away (Eph_4:31); of a law, to abrogate (Col_2:14).
Deriv.: apaírō (G522), to lift off; exaírō (G1808), to put away from the midst; epaírō (G1869), to lift up, as in the eyes, the head, the hands or the heel; sunaírō (G4868), to take up together, to reckon; huperaírō (G5229), to be exalted above measure.
Syn.: bastázō (G941), to bear; phérō (G5342), to bring, carry; methístēmi (G3179), to remove; lambánō (G2983), to take, lay hold of; piázō (G4084), to lay hold of forcefully; airéō (G138), to take; komízō (G2865), to bring.
Ant.: kataleípō (G2641), to leave behind; hupoleípō (G5275), to leave remaining; hupolimpánō (G5277), to leave behind, bequeath.
John 15:6
He is cast forth (ἐβλήθη ἔξω)
The aorist tense. Literally, was cast forth. The aorist, denoting a momentary act, indicates that it was cast forth at the moment it ceased to abide in the vine. Forth signifies from the vineyard; ἔξω, outside.
As a branch (ὠς τὸ κλῆμα)
Strictly, the branch: the unfruitful branch.
Is withered (ἐξηράνθη)
The aorist, as in was cast forth. Wyc, shall wax dry.
Men gather
Or, as Rev., they gather. Indefinite. Compare Isa_27:11; Eze_15:5.
He is cast forth (eblēthē exō). Timeless or gnomic use of the first aorist passive indicative of ballō as the conclusion of a third-class condition (see also Joh_15:4, Joh_15:7 for the same condition, only constative aorist subjunctive meinēte and meinēi in Joh_15:7). The apostles are thus vividly warned against presumption. Jesus as the vine will fulfill his part of the relation as long as the branches keep in vital union with him.
As a branch (hōs to klēma).
And is withered (exēranthē). Another timeless first aorist passive indicative, this time of xērainō, same timeless use in Jas_1:11 of grass, old and common verb. They gather (sunagousin). Plural though subject not expressed, the servants of the vine-dresser gather up the broken off branches.
Are burned (kaietai). Present passive singular of kaiō, to burn, because klēmata (branches) is neuter plural. See this vivid picture also in Mat_13:41, Mat_13:49.
Robertson.
εβληθη
G906
V-API-3S
βάλλω
to throw
βάλλω
ballō
bal’-lo
A primary verb; to throw (in various applications, more or less violent or intense): - arise, cast (out), X dung, lay, lie, pour, put (up), send, strike, throw (down), thrust. Compare G4496.
LXX related word(s)
H2904 tul
H3032 yadad
H3384 yarah
H4272 machats
H5186 natah
H5221 nakhah hi.
H5307 naphal qal.,hi.
H5375 nasa
H6566 paras
H6651 tsavar
H6696 tsur
H6923 qadam pi.
H7049 qala
H7411 ramah
H7760 sum
H7971 shalach pi.
H7993 shalakh hi.
H8210 shaphakh
H8327 sharash hi.
H8628 taqa
Part of Speech: Verb
Tense: Aorist
Voice: Passive
Mood: Indicative
Person: third [he/she/it]
Number: Singular
A. Verbs.
1. ballo (G906), "to throw, hurl, in contrast to striking," is frequent in the four gospels and Revelation; elsewhere it is used only in Acts. In Mat_5:30 some mss. have this verb (KJV, "should be cast"); the most authentic have aperchomai "to go away," RV, "go." see ARISE, BEAT, DUNG, LAY, POUR, PUT, SEND, STRIKE, THROW, THRUST.
2. rhipto (G4496) denotes "to throw with a sudden motion, to jerk, cast forth"; "cast down," Mat_15:30 and Mat_27:5; "thrown down," Luk_4:35; "thrown," Luk_17:2 (KJV, "cast"); [rhipteo in Act_22:23 (KJV, "cast off"), of the "casting" off of clothes (in the next sentence ballo No. 1, is used of "casting" dust into the air)]; in Act_27:19 "cast out," of the tackling of a ship, in Act_27:29 "let go" (KJV, "cast"), of anchors; in Mat_9:36, "scattered," said of sheep. See THROW, SCATTER.
3. ekpipto (G1601), lit., "to fall out," is translated "be cast ashore," in Act_27:29, RV, KJV, have fallen upon. See EFFECT, FAIL, FALL, NOUGHT.
A number of compound verbs consisting of ballo or rhipto, with prepositions prefixed, denote to cast, with a corresponding English preposition. Compounds of ballo are:
4. apoballo (G577), "to throw off from, to lay aside, to cast away," Mar_10:50; Heb_10:35.
Note: Apobole, "casting away" (akin to No. 4), is used of Israel in Rom_11:15; elsewhere, Act_27:22, "loss" (of life).
5. ekballo (G1544), "to cast out of, from, forth," is very frequent in the gospels and Acts; elsewhere, in Gal_4:30; 3Jn_1:10; in Jas_2:25, "sent out"; in Rev_11:2, "leave out" (marg., "cast without"). See BRING, No. 28, DRIVE, EXPEL, LEAVE, PLUCK, PULL, PUT, SEND, TAKE, THRUST.
6. emballo (G1685), "to cast into," is used in Luk_12:5.
7. epiballo (G1911), "to cast on, or upon," is used in this sense in Mar_11:7 and 1Co_7:35. See BEAT (No. 5), FALL, No. 11, LAY, PUT, No. 8, STRETCH.
8. kataballo (G2598) signifies "to cast down," 2Co_4:9, KJV, "cast down," RV, "smitten down"; Heb_6:1, "laying." see LAY. Some mss. have this verb in Rev_12:10 (for ballo).
9. amphiballo (G97 and G906), "to cast around," occurs Mar_1:16.
10. periballo (G4016), "to cast about, or around," is used in 23 of its 24 occurrences, of putting on garments, clothing, etc.; it is translated "cast about" in Mar_14:51; Act_12:8, in Luk_19:43, used of "casting" up a bank or palisade against a city (see RV and marg.), KJV, "shall cast a trench about thee." see CLOTHE, No. 6, PUT.
Compounds of rhipto are:
11. aporipto (G641), "to cast off," Act_27:43, of shipwrecked people in throwing themselves into the water.
12. epiripto (G1977), "to cast upon," (a) lit., "of casting garments on a colt," Luk_19:35; (b) figuratively, "of casting care upon God," 1Pe_5:7.
Other verbs are:
13. apotheo (G683), "to thrust away" (apo, "away," otheo, "to thrust"), in the NT used in the middle voice, signifying "to thrust from oneself, to cast off, by way of rejection," Act_7:27, Act_7:39; Act_13:46; Rom_11:1-2; 1Ti_1:19. See PUT and THRUST.
14. kathaireo (G2507), kata, "down," haireo, "to take, to cast down, demolish," in 2Co_10:5, of strongholds and imaginations. See DESTROY, PULL, PUT, TAKE.
Note: The corresponding noun kathairesis, "a casting down," is so rendered in 2Co_10:4 (KJV, "pulling down") and 2Co_13:10 (KJV, "destruction").
15. dialogzomai (G1260), "to reason" (dia, "through," logizomai, "to reason"), is translated "cast in (her) mind," Luk_1:29. See DISPUTE, MUSING, REASON, THINK.
16. apotithemi (G659), "to put off, lay aside," denotes, in the middle voice, "to put off from oneself, cast off," used figuratively of works of darkness, Rom_13:12, "let us cast off," (aorist tense, denoting a definite act). See LAY, No. 8, PUT, No. 5.
17. ektithemi (G1260), "to expose, cast out" (ek, "out," tithemi, "to put"), is said of a new-born child in Act_7:21. In Act_7:19 "cast out" translates the phrase poieo, "to make," with ekthetos, "exposed," a verbal form of ektithemi. See EXPOUND.
18. periaireo (G4014), "to take away," is used in Act_27:40, as a nautical term, RV, casting off, KJV, taken up. See TAKE.
Notes: (1) For zemioo, "cast away," Luk_9:25, see FORFEIT.
(2) For katakremnizo, Luk_4:29 (KJV, "cast down headlong"), see THROW. (3) For oneidizo, Mat_27:44 (KJV, "cast in one's teeth"), see REPROACH. (4) For paradidomi, Mat_4:12 (KJV, "cast into prison"), see DELIVER. (5) For atheteo, 1Ti_5:12 (KJV, "cast off"), see REJECT. (6) For ekteino, Act_27:30 (KJV, cast out"), see LAY No. 13. (7) For tapeinos, 2Co_7:6 (KJV, "cast down"), see LOWLY.
Vines
Two kinds of people
Those in Christ...and those not in Christ.
Every branch in me that beareth not fruit he taketh away: and every branch that beareth fruit, he purgeth it, that it may bring forth more fruit.
Every branch in me that beareth not fruit he taketh away [ airei (G142)]; and every branch that beareth fruit he purgeth it [ kathairei (G2508)], that it may bring forth more fruit.
There is a verbal play upon the two Greek words for "taketh away" and "purgeth" [ airein (G142) ... kathairein (G2508)], which it is impossible to convey in English. But it explains why so uncommon a word as "purgeth," with reference to a fruit tree, was chosen-the one word no doubt suggesting the other. The sense of both is obvious enough, and the truths conveyed by the whole verse are deeply important.
Two classes of Christians are here set forth-both of them in Christ, as truly as the branch is in the vine; but while the one class bear fruit the other bear none. The natural husbandry will sufficiently explain the cause of this difference. A graft may be mechanically attached to a fruit tree, and yet take no vital hold of it, and have no vital connection with it.
In that case, receiving none of the juices of the tree-no vegetable sap from the stem-it can bear no fruit. Such merely mechanical attachment to the True Vine is that of all who believe in the truths of Christianity, and are in visible membership with the Church of Christ, but, having no living faith in Jesus nor desire for His salvation, open not their souls to the spiritual life of which He is the Source, take no vital held of Him, and have no living union to Him. All such are incapable of fruit-bearing. They have an external, mechanical connection with Christ, as members of His Church visible; and in that sense they are, not in name only but in reality, branches "in the true Vine."
Mixing, as these sometimes do, with living Christians in their most sacred services and spiritual exercises, where Jesus Himself is, according to His promise, they my come into such close contact with Him as those did who "pressed upon Him" in the days of His flesh, when the woman with the issue of blood touched the hem of His garment.
But just as the branch that opens not its pores to let in the vital juices of the vine to which it may be most firmly attached has no more vegetable life, and is no more capable of bearing fruit, than if it were in the fire; so such merely external Christians have no more spiritual life, and are no more capable of spiritual fruitfulness, than if they had never heard of Christ, or were already separated from Him. The reverse of this class are those "in Christ that bear fruit." Their union to Christ is a vital, not a mechanical one; they are one spiritual life with Him: only in Him it is a Fontal life; in them a derived life, even as the life of the branch is that of the vine with which it is vitally one. Of them Christ can say, "Because I live, ye shall live also:" of Him do they say, "Of His fullness have all we received, and grace for grace." Such are the two classes of Christians of which Jesus here speaks.
Observe now the procedure of the great Husbandman toward each. Every fruitless branch He "taketh away."
Compare what is said of the barren fig tree, "Cut it down" (see the notes at Luk_13:1-9, Remark 5 at the close of that section). The thing here intended is not the same as "casting it into the fire" (Joh_15:6): that is a subsequent process. It is ’the severance of that tie which bound them to Christ’ here; so that they shall no longer be fruitless branches in the true Vine, no longer unclothed guests at the marriage-feast. That condition of things shall not last always. "The ungodly shall not stand in the judgment, nor sinners in the congregation of the righteous." (Psa_1:5). But "every branch that beareth fruit" - in virtue of such living connection with Christ and reception of spiritual life from Him as a fruitful branch has from the natural vine - "He purgeth it, that it may bring forth more fruit." Here also the processes of the natural husbandry may help us.
Without the pruning knife a tree is apt to go all to wood, as the phrase is. This takes place when the sap of the tree goes exclusively to the formation and growth of fresh branches, and none of it to the production of fruit. To prevent this, the tree is pruned; that is to say, all superfluous shoots are lopped off, which would have drown away, to no useful purpose, the sap of the tree, and thus the whole vegetable juices and strength of the tree go toward their proper use-the nourishment of the healthy branches and the production of fruit. But what, it may be asked, is that rankness and luxuriance in living Christians which requires the pruning knife of the great Husbandman? The words of another parable will sufficiently answer that question:
"The cares of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches, and the lusts of other things entering in, choke the word, and it becometh unfruitful" (see the notes at Mar_4:19). True, that is said of such hearers of the word as "bring no fruit to perfection" at all. But the very same causes operate to the hindrance of fruitfulness in the living branches of the true Vine, and the great Husbandman has to "purge" them of these, that they may bring forth more fruit; lopping off at one time their worldly prosperity, at another time the olive plants that grow around their table, and at yet another time their own health or peace of mind: a process painful enough, but no less needful and no less beneficial in the spiritual than in the natural husbandry. Not one nor all of these operations, it is true, will of themselves increase the fruitfulness of Christians. But He who afflicteth not willingly, but smites to heal-who purgeth the fruitful branches for no other end than that they may bring forth more fruit-makes these "chastenings afterward to yield the peaceable fruit of righteousness" in larger measures than before.
Good ol' Jamie Fausset, explaining it well.
taketh away; removes them from that sort of being which they had in Christ. By some means or another he discovers them to the saints to be what they are; sometimes he suffers persecution to arise because of the word, and these men are quickly offended, and depart of their own accord; or they fall into erroneous principles, and set up for themselves, and separate from the churches of Christ; or they become guilty of scandalous enormities, and so are removed from their fellowship by excommunication; or if neither of these should be the case, but these tares should grow together with the wheat till the harvest, the angels will be sent forth, who will gather out of the kingdom of God all that offend and do iniquity, and cast them into a furnace of fire, as branches withered, and fit to be burnt.
And every branch that beareth fruit, he purgeth it, that it may bring forth more fruit. These are the other sort of branches, who are truly and savingly in Christ; such as are rooted in him; to whom he is the green fir tree, from whom all their fruit is found; who are filled by him with all the fruits of his Spirit, grace, and righteousness. These are purged or pruned, chiefly by afflictions and temptations, which are as needful for their growth and fruitfulness, as the pruning and cutting of the vines are for theirs; and though these are sometimes sharp, and never joyous, but grievous, yet they are attended with the peaceable fruits of righteousness, and so the end of bringing forth more fruit is answered; for it is not enough that a believer exercise grace, and perform good works for the present, but these must remain; or he must be constant herein, and still bring forth fruit, and add one virtue to another, that it may appear he is not barren and unfruitful in the knowledge of Christ, in whom he is implanted. These different acts of the vinedresser "taking away" some branches, and "purging" others, are expressed by the Misnic doctors (p) by פיסולה, and זירודה. The former, the commentators (q) say, signifies to cut off the branches that are withered and perished, and are good for nothing; and the latter signifies the pruning of the vine when it has a superfluity of branches, or these extend themselves too far; when some are left, and others taken off.
(p) Misn. Sheviith, c, 2. sect. 3. (q) Maimon. & Bartenora in ib.
...and so does Gill.
Shalom
Johann