I think it's interesting Jesus said to give to Caesar what is Caesars... but He also said give God what is Gods.
(Matt 22:21; )
So apparently we are supposed to give something to God. The context here was money, in fact Jesus asked
to be shown a denarius. I'm not sure this is really just an "old testament" thing.
In the passage about the widow and the mite ( Mark 12:41-44; Luke 21:1-4; ) Jesus commended the widow
for giving all she had, even if it was just a little. He praised this above those who had plenty and gave out of
their abundance.
Of course the Pharisees in the new testament also tithed. ( Matt 23:23; Luke 11:42; )...
B-A-C
You argument about Caesar suggests that God wants the same as Caesar!
I thought most Christians understood this scripture to mean that Caesar wants your money; but God wants your love, your justice, your mercy, your care and forgiveness for others...
The story of the widow illustrates that God looks at what a gift costs us, to read much more into this - like it supports tithing money to a church - is speculation at best.
I wonder if the widow's coin was one of the coins that ended up on the ground when Jesus overturned the tables in the Temple and scattered the money saying:
"Stop turning my Father's house into a market!"
The Pharisee in question did tithe, if he tithed correctly according to the law, he did NOT tithe any money.
It was forbidden to tithe money (with one specific exception, but the money had to be changed back to livestock/crops before it was paid).
Tithing was only if you had more than 10 livestock born, or if you had reaped a crop.
Fisherman did not tithe.
Stonemasons did not tithe.
Soldiers did not tithe.
Shepherds did not tithe, unless they owned the flock and had more than 10 sheep born.
Farm workers did not tithe, but farmers did.
Carpenters did not tithe.
Why did the Pharisees tithe?
The Pharisee was probably a Levite, as many were, and Levites were required to give a tenth of the tithe given them, to the temple.
Only Levites tithed flocks and crops to the Temple.
"Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You give a tenth of your spices--mint, dill and cumin. But you have neglected the more important matters of the law--justice, mercy and faithfulness. You should have practiced the latter, without neglecting the former."
Notice: What did Jesus say they tithed? Their herbs. These legalists tithed correctly, they gave of the increase of the only tithe due, the only crop they reaped, their herb garden!
peace,
Simon