I completely agree with the first 2 & 1/2 sentences. People SHOULD examine science's claims critically. Science is not perfect, never was, and never will be. Mistakes will inevitably be made. Science however allows us to correct them.Sorry for this long post (paste) >
The Truth about Evolution
There is more to discussing evolution than debating the age of the earth or the wing breadth of the archaeopteryx. There is value, for example, in examining how evolutionists make their defense. Looking beyond the argument to the arguer's techniques can expose fallacious reasoning which keep many from considering the God of Creation.
However, there are no fallacious reasoning to keep people from considering God. God simply does not enter the scientific equation, being metaphysical.
Even if the Bible were 100% authentic, it would still not change the fact it is not a sound scientific argument.If Christians plan to argue from the Genesis account of creation, they must first support biblical authenticity. Although the Bible can be supported, that may be the long way around. When Scripture is introduced, evolutionists launch into one of their "best" fallacies: false distinction — the banning of "religion" from scientific debate.
What science bans is not religion so much as religious claims that since we do not know how something happened, then an invisible, all-powerful, all-knowing entity must have created or designed it. That's a brain-stopper. Once you plug God in, there is no more room for scientific inquiry.
A straw man is when you purposely misrepresent the opponent's position and knock it down. This seems to happen often enough with creationists who don't understand evolution.A shortcut is to point out how evolutionists engage in logical fallacies such as the "straw man," "bias ad hominem," "false distinction," and "non sequitur" fallacies. The first three are used in attempts to invalidate the creationists' stance; the fourth endeavors to validate macroevolution (the change from one species into another) as legitimate science.
Bias ad Hominem would be attacking the argumentator instead of the argument, ie: you're stupid, therefore you are wrong. I have never heard this one in public debates, coming from either sides.
A false distinction, or false dichotomy, is when you falsely present a problem with only two solutions. For example, either evolution is right, or intelligent design/creationism is. Now this is false, because if evolution is wrong, then we don't know. Disproving evolution is not the same as proving IDC.
A non sequitur is an argument that does not logically follow :ie, we don't know how the bacterial flagellum was made, therefore God created it.
As for endeavouring macroevolution from microevolution, it is akin to saying you can walk all you want in small steps, but it's impossible to cross the room. Scientists don't make a distinction between macro- and microevolution, because there is none.
Which, technically, is half correct. It is incorrect because creationists support microevolution, but correct because they don't support macroevolution.The Truth about Evolution- The Argument You So Eloquently Refuted Was Not Mine! A strawman fallacy involves the misrepresentation of an opponent's argument to refute him or her easily. Stephen Jay Gould, in his article, "Evolution as Fact and Theory" in the May 1981 issue of Discover Magazine, attempted to refute creationism by saying, "We have abundant, direct, observational evidence of evolution in action, from both the field and the laboratory." His point: evolution is an irrefutable fact, and creationists ignore this certainty.
This is entirely consistent with evolution, both macro and micro if you insist on separating them.Yet, the evidence he cited supported microevolution, involving changes that take place within separate species. Creationists have no contention with the concept of microevolution.
In fact, A. E. Wilder-Smith, in his book The Natural Sciences Know Nothing of Evolution (T.W.F.T. Publishers), makes a case for both negative and positive mutations (microevolution) working against macroevolution. Negative mutations weaken the creature, a tendency that does not support survival of the fittest; positive mutations make it a stronger creature, helping to preserve its own class. In the latter case, the variations are the means that allow the species to survive distinct from other species.
Creationists are also aware of many speciation events, where one species has diverged into two separate species, ie: new species of mosquito and bacteria, but then creationists move the goalpost by saying that mosquitoes and bacteria are still of the same kind. Kind is a very vague term, and creationists seem to be expecting a cat to evolve into a non-cat,when that's not at all what evolution actually postulates. Evolution does not say a bacteria will turn into a fish overnight, and yet this seems to be what creationists demand as proof of macroevolution, when that would in fact disprove evolution entirely.The fact that many evolutionists use microevolution to refute creationism shows the seriousness of this fallacy. Pointing this out can dispel the misconception that Christians do not accept scientific fact.
I completely agree on this point. However, when people of all faith want to have a scientific debate about scientific theories, they need to realize that they cannot use scripture, nor that science need not conform to any scripture either.The Truth about Evolution- Religious Bias Disqualifies. A bias ad hominem fallacy has to do with disqualifying someone's argument simply because the arguer has a special bias in the issue. For example, someone with a religious experience or belief is disqualified from having a valid opinion about his or her own religion. It is fitting to check the soundness of a biased person's argument, but it is wrong to reject the argument solely because of the arguer's bias.
The only problem with the case you mention is that while it is perfectly acceptable to teach whatever they want in private, catholic school boards, teaching religion in public schools is not permitted, as guaranteed in the Constitution, under the seperation of church and state. And creationism is not science, it IS indeed religious. There's nothing wrong with that, it's just that no matter what, creationism and intelligent design are not scientific.In the 1982 trial of McLean vs. Arkansas, which centered around teaching both theories of origins in public schools, questions were raised concerning the religious beliefs of the creation experts. Objections by the defense (creationists) were consistently overruled. Yet, what the proponents believe is beside the point.
I completely agree again. A religious view might very well be true. However, that still doesn't make it scientific, and thus unconstitutional to teach as science in public schools. Notice that word again, public.Of course, there are those who combat evolution who are not religious, but even that is beside the point. Religious belief is not necessarily based on fact, but neither is it necessarily founded in falsehood. A "religious" view might actually be true. If we don't allow it to be heard, how can we claim to uphold free inquiry?
Well, the big bang theory is not repeatable. The plate tectonics theory is not repeatable. The theory of gravity is not repeatable. What should be mentioned is that the results need to be repeatable, not the object of the theory itself. And this exactly what is the case with all of the scientific theories, evolution included. Genetic lineage can be traced back for individuals and for populations, and we find a gradual difference from human to ape to chimp to monkey to mammal to reptile to amphibian to fish to bacteria. The results of those genetic analyses are perfectly repeatable, and are perfectly consistent with evolution.The Truth about Evolution...Because Creationism Is Religion. The "false distinction" fallacy relegates creationism to a different category, thereby falsely nullifying it. To evolutionists, religion often disregards science (illustrated in the church-motivated condemnation of Galileo). Science is described as what is observable, repeatable, and falsifiable. With that definition, creationism is not science. Yet, neither is macroevolution.
Random fact, 95% of your genes are practically identical to a rhesus monkey, 87% of your genes are practically identical to those of a mouse, 69% with a chicken, 54% with a frog, and 14% with a sea lamprey. This is testable, repeatable, and falsifiable, therefore it is scientific.
If creationism were to present purely scientific evidence, there would be no problem. However, the proofs for creationism are not scientific, and most of them have been disproven. So if creationism is not science, what is it?The false distinction is between evolution and creationism as "science versus religion" instead of evidence for evolution versus evidence for creationism. If the argument never gets to that level, again free inquiry is stifled.
We have found missing links. When a lineage between species A and Z is oredicted, creationists say there is one missing link. When a fossil is presented as an intermediate between species A and Z, species K, then the evolutonist will say you now have TWO missing links. Even if fossil evidence of species A through Z were to be presented, then creationists would still say that there are 25 missing links.The Truth about Evolution- To Believe in the Miracle of Evolution. Suppose evolutionists abandoned the above three problem areas and debated creationists on equal terms. Would their position then prove reliable? Not really, because the fallacy known as non sequitur — Latin for "it does not follow" — becomes an immediate issue. Microevolution leading to macroevolution, discussed earlier, is one example.
The celebrated "missing links" as concrete evidence is another. The role of fossils as transitional forms is speculative at best in comparison with documented, trackable microevolution. Yet, evolutionists often use these "proofs" interchangeably as though the reliability of the one naturally follows the credibility of the other.
Also, if you look on the 'List of transitional fossils' page on wiki, they have a comprehensive list (with pictures) of at least 200 transitional fossils. And that's a fraction of the whole.
You are right. However, that is not the entire argument. As I said, there is the gradual difference in genomes as you move 'down' the evolutionary tree. There is the genetic similarities where 50% of your genes are IDENTICAL with those of a frog. There are the homolguous structures between fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. There is the fact that genes which are turned off in the chicken,when activated, cause chicken to grow teeth, which clearly is a useless gene in a chicken. Vestigial genes anyone? And the list goes on.Also problematic is concluding from molecular biology that there is a common ancestry for all organisms. It does not follow that because all life shares a common biochemical basis, that relationship was brought about through evolution. In engineering this type of creative diversity from the same basic building blocks is good design, the result of a designer.
I completely agree. As for the Piltdown man, it was controversial and not widely accepted, but there was insufficient evidence to outright reject it. A testament to science's self-correcting methods, science did not claim to have found a missing link and dogmatically keeping it. Scientists actively rejected Piltdown man, no matter how much they could have gained by finding a missing link, and corrected their mistakes, which is more than can be said about the non-evidence for intelligent design as with the bacterial flagellum. Piltdown man was rejected and in its place came Homo Australopithecus, Homo habilis, and Homo Erectus, with Neanderthal in there somewhere.Finally, it does not follow that because religion was wrong about Galileo, it is in error about creationism. The same evolutionists who insist that their own past mistakes should not be held against their position (e.g., promoting false "missing links" such as the Piltdown man) are often unwilling to allow their intellectual opponents to have human failings as well.
Fallacies are common on both sides I must say, but there are no fallacies in the scientific method, only in argumentation. Thus, no matter how flawed the argument may be, the scientific validity of its subject is unaffected, just as the Westboro's hateful message in no way affects what the Bible actually says.Because the above fallacies are common, many people cannot "hear" the scientific evidence for creation, they cannot accept the Genesis account, they cannot listen unbiased to what they consider a biased view. If we can expose these flaws, we may earn the privilege of leading them beyond God as Creator to God as Savior.
Scientists are willing to hear the scientific evidence for IDC. Just because they are willing to hear it doesn't mean they are willing to accept it. So far, none of the 'evidence' has passed the scientific test.
Also, God as Savior is not at odds with evolution. For all we know, God could have operated through evolution. One does not exclude the other.
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